Scientific Literature Library
Reference literature & chemical specifications.
A neutral academic repository detailing the physical chemistry, molecular targets, and published preclinical literature for each reference material catalogued. Provided strictly for researcher reference and in-vitro study guidance.
Elamipretide (SS-31)
CAS: 736992-11-5Biochemical Profile
A cell-permeable, aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide that selectively targets and binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Prevents cardiolipin peroxidation and maintains structural integrity of mitochondrial cristae under photo-oxidative stress.
Key Literature References
Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide SS31 protects the retinas of diabetic rats
Current Molecular Medicine
Preclinical assessment showing SS-31 protects retinal cells by preserving mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing ROS, and preventing apoptosis.
SS-31 interacts with cardiolipin to protect electron transport chain architecture
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Structural characterization of the electrostatic and hydrophobic forces driving the binding of SS-31 to negatively charged cardiolipin domains, optimizing ATP output.
Beta-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD⁺)
CAS: 53-84-9Biochemical Profile
An essential coenzyme involved in cellular redox reactions and serves as a vital substrate for NAD⁺-consuming enzymes, including sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). Vital for sustaining metabolic flux in highly energy-dependent retinal ganglion axons.
Key Literature References
Nicotinamide treatment robustly protects from inherited mouse glaucoma
eLife
Preclinical demonstration that age-dependent decline of NAD+ renders retinal ganglion cells vulnerable to intraocular pressure, and that nicotinamide prevents metabolic collapse and structural shearing.
Mitochondrial Resilience in Glaucoma: Targeting NAD+ Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration
Diseases
Reviewing the metabolic collapse of optic nerve axons resulting from depletion of the localized NAD⁺ pool and the protective role of NAD+ precursors like nicotinamide riboside.
Epitalon (AEDG)
CAS: 307297-39-8Biochemical Profile
A synthetic tetrapeptide designed to model the biological activity of natural epithalamin. Investigated for its reported ability to interact with the promoter region of the hTERT gene, leading to telomerase activation and cellular senescence delay.
Key Literature References
Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
Quantifying the reactivation of hTERT expression and corresponding telomere structural lengthening in cultured fibroblasts exposed to synthetic AEDG.
AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis: Possible Epigenetic Mechanism
Molecules
Review of the peptide's epigenetic mechanisms and its ability to influence retinal neuronal differentiation and RPE function as a retinoprotector.
MOTS-c
CAS: 1627503-51-9Biochemical Profile
A 19-amino-acid peptide encoded by the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. Acts as an endocrine-like metabolic signal that translocates to the nucleus under metabolic stress, promoting glucose utilization, AMPK phosphorylation, and protecting against phototoxic metabolic collapse.
Key Literature References
Mitochondrial peptide MOTS-c regulates metabolic homeostasis via the AMPK pathway
Cell Metabolism
Identification of the physiological role of MOTS-c, its translocation to the nucleus, and its control over folate and metabolic pathways.
MOTS-c protects retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction
Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Preclinical measurements of cell viability, oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and mitochondrial ROS production in HEV-exposed RPE models treated with MOTS-c.
Pinealon (EDR)
CAS: 175175-23-2Biochemical Profile
A synthetic tripeptide derived from the active sequence of Cortexin (a cerebral cortex polypeptide complex). Investigated as a peptide bioregulator with reported neuroprotective mechanisms including reactive oxygen species suppression, anti-apoptotic caspase-3 modulation, and dendritic spine morphology restoration in preclinical hypoxia and neurodegeneration models.
Key Literature References
Short Peptides Stimulate Serotonin Expression in Cells of Brain Cortex
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
Investigation of EDR peptide effects on serotonin expression and neuronal gene regulation in cortical cell cultures, demonstrating dose-dependent modulation of neurotransmitter synthesis pathways.
Tripeptide EDR (Pinealon): Neuroprotective Effects in Models of Hypoxia and Neurodegeneration
Advances in Gerontology
Preclinical assessment of EDR tripeptide neuroprotection under hypoxic conditions, demonstrating ROS reduction, caspase-3 modulation, and improved neuronal viability in oxidative-stress cell models.
Academic Reference Terms
Summaries are extracted from published biochemical literature for descriptive purposes. The inclusion of literature reviews or molecular parameters does not constitute or imply a claim of physiological efficacy, benefit, or fitness for human use. These compounds are supplied strictly for laboratory research and in-vitro study.